infinitive and Passive

[Kim Jun-jin]

Hello Teacher!

1-1 We saw him break the window.
Above means 'We saw that he broke the window.' or
'We saw that he was trying to break the window.
or we saw that he was about to break the window.' ?

Which one is the same meaning?

1-2 He was seen to break the window (by us).
Above means 'We saw that he broke the window.' or
'We saw that he was trying to break the window.
or we saw that he was about to break the window.' ?

Which one is the same meaning?

And 1-1 and 1-2 sentences are the perfect same?


2-1 A watch was given (to) me by him.
2-2 He was envied his luck by them.
2-3 I was made to go there.

Are 2-1, 2-2, and 2-3 commonly/frequently used sentence
structures?

I really wonder.

Thank you. ( If possilbe, I want to hear from a native.)

[Pete]

1-1 We saw him break the window.
Above means 'We saw that he broke the window.' or
'We saw that he was trying to break the window.
or we saw that he was about to break the window.' ?

Which one is the same meaning?

-- I don't think any of them mean the same as the first sentence. It means, "We saw the act of him breaking the window."

1-2 He was seen to break the window (by us).
Above means 'We saw that he broke the window.' or
'We saw that he was trying to break the window.
or we saw that he was about to break the window.' ?

Which one is the same meaning?
-- I'd say it technically means what I suggested for question 1-1. It sounds fairly awkward, so I don't think you would often hear this passive form.

And 1-1 and 1-2 sentences are the perfect same?
-- As I say, technically, but 1-2 would not be often heard.

2-1 A watch was given (to) me by him.
2-2 He was envied his luck by them.
2-3 I was made to go there.

Are 2-1, 2-2, and 2-3 commonly/frequently used sentence
structures?
-- 2-1 and 2-2 would not often be used in practice.
You would sometimes hear 2-3, especially when you are talking about you, not about whoever forced you to go.