"so vs in that" and "so vs as"

[polite]

Hello,

I am confused about " So vs In that" and " So vs As". I don't understand this difference.

I will write some questiones about TOEFL:

1. Among human chromosomes, the Y chromosome is unusual ____ most of the chromosome does not participate in meiotic recombiantion.
a. in
b. so
c. and
d. in that

The response is d. Why? I thought the response was b.

2. ____ sucked groundwater from below, some parts of the city have begun to sink as much as ten inches annually.
a. Pumps have
b. As pumps have
c. So pumps have
d. With pumps

The response is b. Why? I thought the response was c.

I hope your opinions about it. Thanks :)

[JRiddy]

1)

The answer is "in that," because "in that" is a conjunction phrase that lets you know that more specific details are coming up. It can't be "so," because "so," as a conjunction, means "in order that." "So" is for giving a purpose; "in that" is for giving information.

2)

The answer is "as pumps have." Remember, a so-clause provides the purpose. Ask yourself, are the pumps the purpose of the sinking city? No. The pumps are either the cause or a concurrent event (an event that happens at the same time as something else.) The conjunction "as" can be used for either a cause (like "because"), or, more frequently, for two events that happen at the same time.

Examples:

"He hurt as he ran." = "He hurt and ran at the same time."
"She grew angry as I yelled." = "She grew angry and I yelled at the same time."