Englishpage.com's List of English Irregular Verbs contains over 370 irregular verbs used in modern English. We also offer free irregular verb flashcards and exercises, a printable PDF of the Top 100 Irregular Verbs, and an extended list including rare verb forms. Just scroll down to begin!
| Base Form | Simple Past | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| A | ||
| arise | arose | arisen |
| awake | awakened / awoke | awakened / awoken |
| B | ||
| backslide | backslid | backslidden / backslid |
| be [am, is, are] | was, were | been |
| bear | bore | born / borne |
| beat | beat | beaten / beat |
| become | became | become |
| begin | began | begun |
| bend | bent | bent |
| bet | bet / betted [?] | bet / betted [?] |
| bid (farewell) | bid / bade | bidden |
| bid (offer amount) | bid | bid |
| bind | bound | bound |
| bite | bit | bitten |
| bleed | bled | bled |
| blow | blew | blown |
| break | broke | broken |
| breed | bred | bred |
| bring | brought | brought |
| broadcast | broadcast / broadcasted | broadcast / broadcasted |
| browbeat | browbeat | browbeaten / browbeat |
| build | built | built |
| burn | burned / burnt [?] | burned / burnt [?] |
| burst | burst | burst |
| bust | busted / bust | busted / bust |
| buy | bought | bought |
| C | ||
| cast | cast | cast |
| catch | caught | caught |
| choose | chose | chosen |
| cling | clung | clung |
| clothe | clothed / clad [?] | clothed / clad [?] |
| come | came | come |
| cost | cost | cost |
| creep | crept | crept |
| crossbreed | crossbred | crossbred |
| cut | cut | cut |
| D | ||
| daydream | daydreamed / daydreamt [?] | daydreamed / daydreamt [?] |
| deal | dealt | dealt |
| dig | dug | dug |
| disprove | disproved | disproved / disproven |
| dive (jump head-first) | dove / dived | dived |
| dive (scuba diving) | dived / dove | dived |
| do | did | done |
| draw | drew | drawn |
| dream | dreamed / dreamt [?] | dreamed / dreamt [?] |
| drink | drank | drunk |
| drive | drove | driven |
| dwell | dwelt / dwelled [?] | dwelt / dwelled [?] |
| E | ||
| eat | ate | eaten |
| F | ||
| fall | fell | fallen |
| feed | fed | fed |
| feel | felt | felt |
| fight | fought | fought |
| find | found | found |
| fit (tailor, change size) | fitted / fit [?] | fitted / fit [?] |
| fit (be right size) | fit / fitted [?] | fit / fitted [?] |
| flee | fled | fled |
| fling | flung | flung |
| fly | flew | flown |
| forbid | forbade | forbidden |
| forecast | forecast, forecasted | forecast, forecasted |
| forego (also forgo) | forewent | foregone |
| foresee | foresaw | foreseen |
| foretell | foretold | foretold |
| forget | forgot | forgotten / forgot [?] |
| forgive | forgave | forgiven |
| forsake | forsook | forsaken |
| freeze | froze | frozen |
| frostbite | frostbit | frostbitten |
| G | ||
| get | got | gotten / got [?] |
| give | gave | given |
| go | went | gone |
| grind | ground | ground |
| grow | grew | grown |
| H | ||
| hand-feed | hand-fed | hand-fed |
| handwrite | handwrote | handwritten |
| hang | hung | hung |
| have | had | had |
| hear | heard | heard |
| hew | hewed | hewn / hewed |
| hide | hid | hidden |
| hit | hit | hit |
| hold | held | held |
| hurt | hurt | hurt |
| I | ||
| inbreed | inbred | inbred |
| inlay | inlaid | inlaid |
| input | input / inputted | input / inputted |
| interbreed | interbred | interbred |
| interweave | interwove / interweaved | interwoven / interweaved |
| interwind | interwound | interwound |
| J | ||
| jerry-build | jerry-built | jerry-built |
| K | ||
| keep | kept | kept |
| kneel | knelt / kneeled | knelt / kneeled |
| knit | knitted / knit | knitted / knit |
| know | knew | known |
| L | ||
| lay | laid | laid |
| lead | led | led |
| lean | leaned / leant [?] | leaned / leant [?] |
| leap | leaped / leapt [?] | leaped / leapt [?] |
| learn | learned / learnt [?] | learned / learnt [?] |
| leave | left | left |
| lend | lent | lent |
| let | let | let |
| lie | lay | lain |
| lie (not tell truth) REGULAR | lied | lied |
| light | lit / lighted | lit / lighted |
| lip-read | lip-read | lip-read |
| lose | lost | lost |
| M | ||
| make | made | made |
| mean | meant | meant |
| meet | met | met |
| miscast | miscast | miscast |
| misdeal | misdealt | misdealt |
| misdo | misdid | misdone |
| mishear | misheard | misheard |
| mislay | mislaid | mislaid |
| mislead | misled | misled |
| mislearn | mislearned / mislearnt [?] | mislearned / mislearnt [?] |
| misread | misread | misread |
| misset | misset | misset |
| misspeak | misspoke | misspoken |
| misspell | misspelled / misspelt [?] | misspelled / misspelt [?] |
| misspend | misspent | misspent |
| mistake | mistook | mistaken |
| misteach | mistaught | mistaught |
| misunderstand | misunderstood | misunderstood |
| miswrite | miswrote | miswritten |
| mow | mowed | mowed / mown |
| N | ||
| No irregular verbs beginning with "N." | ||
| O | ||
| offset | offset | offset |
| outbid | outbid | outbid |
| outbreed | outbred | outbred |
| outdo | outdid | outdone |
| outdraw | outdrew | outdrawn |
| outdrink | outdrank | outdrunk |
| outdrive | outdrove | outdriven |
| outfight | outfought | outfought |
| outfly | outflew | outflown |
| outgrow | outgrew | outgrown |
| outleap | outleaped / outleapt [?] | outleaped / outleapt [?] |
| outlie (not tell truth) REGULAR | outlied | outlied |
| outride | outrode | outridden |
| outrun | outran | outrun |
| outsell | outsold | outsold |
| outshine | outshined / outshone [?] | outshined / outshone [?] |
| outshoot | outshot | outshot |
| outsing | outsang | outsung |
| outsit | outsat | outsat |
| outsleep | outslept | outslept |
| outsmell | outsmelled / outsmelt [?] | outsmelled / outsmelt [?] |
| outspeak | outspoke | outspoken |
| outspeed | outsped | outsped |
| outspend | outspent | outspent |
| outswear | outswore | outsworn |
| outswim | outswam | outswum |
| outthink | outthought | outthought |
| outthrow | outthrew | outthrown |
| outwrite | outwrote | outwritten |
| overbid | overbid | overbid |
| overbreed | overbred | overbred |
| overbuild | overbuilt | overbuilt |
| overbuy | overbought | overbought |
| overcome | overcame | overcome |
| overdo | overdid | overdone |
| overdraw | overdrew | overdrawn |
| overdrink | overdrank | overdrunk |
| overeat | overate | overeaten |
| overfeed | overfed | overfed |
| overhang | overhung | overhung |
| overhear | overheard | overheard |
| overlay | overlaid | overlaid |
| overpay | overpaid | overpaid |
| override | overrode | overridden |
| overrun | overran | overrun |
| oversee | oversaw | overseen |
| oversell | oversold | oversold |
| oversew | oversewed | oversewn / oversewed |
| overshoot | overshot | overshot |
| oversleep | overslept | overslept |
| overspeak | overspoke | overspoken |
| overspend | overspent | overspent |
| overspill | overspilled / overspilt [?] | overspilled / overspilt [?] |
| overtake | overtook | overtaken |
| overthink | overthought | overthought |
| overthrow | overthrew | overthrown |
| overwind | overwound | overwound |
| overwrite | overwrote | overwritten |
| P | ||
| partake | partook | partaken |
| pay | paid | paid |
| plead | pleaded / pled | pleaded / pled |
| prebuild | prebuilt | prebuilt |
| predo | predid | predone |
| premake | premade | premade |
| prepay | prepaid | prepaid |
| presell | presold | presold |
| preset | preset | preset |
| preshrink | preshrank | preshrunk |
| proofread | proofread | proofread |
| prove | proved | proven / proved |
| put | put | put |
| Q | ||
| quick-freeze | quick-froze | quick-frozen |
| quit | quit / quitted [?] | quit / quitted [?] |
| R | ||
| read | read (sounds like "red") | read (sounds like "red") |
| reawake | reawoke | reawaken |
| rebid | rebid | rebid |
| rebind | rebound | rebound |
| rebroadcast | rebroadcast / rebroadcasted | rebroadcast / rebroadcasted |
| rebuild | rebuilt | rebuilt |
| recast | recast | recast |
| recut | recut | recut |
| redeal | redealt | redealt |
| redo | redid | redone |
| redraw | redrew | redrawn |
| refit (replace parts) | refit / refitted [?] | refit / refitted [?] |
| refit (retailor) | refitted / refit [?] | refitted / refit [?] |
| regrind | reground | reground |
| regrow | regrew | regrown |
| rehang | rehung | rehung |
| rehear | reheard | reheard |
| reknit | reknitted / reknit | reknitted / reknit |
| relay (for example tiles) | relaid | relaid |
| relay (pass along) REGULAR | relayed | relayed |
| relearn | relearned / relearnt [?] | relearned / relearnt [?] |
| relight | relit / relighted | relit / relighted |
| remake | remade | remade |
| repay | repaid | repaid |
| reread | reread | reread |
| rerun | reran | rerun |
| resell | resold | resold |
| resend | resent | resent |
| reset | reset | reset |
| resew | resewed | resewn / resewed |
| retake | retook | retaken |
| reteach | retaught | retaught |
| retear | retore | retorn |
| retell | retold | retold |
| rethink | rethought | rethought |
| retread | retread | retread |
| retrofit | retrofitted / retrofit [?] | retrofitted / retrofit [?] |
| rewake | rewoke / rewaked | rewaken / rewaked |
| rewear | rewore | reworn |
| reweave | rewove / reweaved | rewoven / reweaved |
| rewed | rewed / rewedded | rewed / rewedded |
| rewet | rewet / rewetted [?] | rewet / rewetted [?] |
| rewin | rewon | rewon |
| rewind | rewound | rewound |
| rewrite | rewrote | rewritten |
| rid | rid | rid |
| ride | rode | ridden |
| ring | rang | rung |
| rise | rose | risen |
| roughcast | roughcast | roughcast |
| run | ran | run |
| S | ||
| sand-cast | sand-cast | sand-cast |
| saw | sawed | sawed / sawn |
| say | said | said |
| see | saw | seen |
| seek | sought | sought |
| sell | sold | sold |
| send | sent | sent |
| set | set | set |
| sew | sewed | sewn / sewed |
| shake | shook | shaken |
| shave | shaved | shaved / shaven |
| shear | sheared | sheared / shorn |
| shed | shed | shed |
| shine | shined / shone [?] | shined / shone [?] |
| shit | shit / shat / shitted | shit/ shat / shitted |
| shoot | shot | shot |
| show | showed | shown / showed |
| shrink | shrank / shrunk | shrunk |
| shut | shut | shut |
| sight-read | sight-read | sight-read |
| sing | sang | sung |
| sink | sank / sunk | sunk |
| sit | sat | sat |
| slay (kill) | slew / slayed | slain / slayed |
| slay (amuse) REGULAR | slayed | slayed |
| sleep | slept | slept |
| slide | slid | slid |
| sling | slung | slung |
| slink | slinked / slunk | slinked / slunk |
| slit | slit | slit |
| smell | smelled / smelt [?] | smelled / smelt [?] |
| sneak | sneaked / snuck | sneaked / snuck |
| sow | sowed | sown / sowed |
| speak | spoke | spoken |
| speed | sped / speeded | sped / speeded |
| spell | spelled / spelt [?] | spelled / spelt [?] |
| spend | spent | spent |
| spill | spilled / spilt [?] | spilled / spilt [?] |
| spin | spun | spun |
| spit | spit / spat | spit / spat |
| split | split | split |
| spoil | spoiled / spoilt [?] | spoiled / spoilt [?] |
| spoon-feed | spoon-fed | spoon-fed |
| spread | spread | spread |
| spring | sprang / sprung | sprung |
| stand | stood | stood |
| steal | stole | stolen |
| stick | stuck | stuck |
| sting | stung | stung |
| stink | stunk / stank | stunk |
| strew | strewed | strewn / strewed |
| stride | strode | stridden |
| strike (delete) | struck | stricken |
| strike (hit) | struck | struck / stricken |
| string | strung | strung |
| strive | strove / strived | striven / strived |
| sublet | sublet | sublet |
| sunburn | sunburned / sunburnt [?] | sunburned / sunburnt [?] |
| swear | swore | sworn |
| sweat | sweat / sweated | sweat / sweated |
| sweep | swept | swept |
| swell | swelled | swollen / swelled |
| swim | swam | swum |
| swing | swung | swung |
| T | ||
| take | took | taken |
| teach | taught | taught |
| tear | tore | torn |
| telecast | telecast | telecast |
| tell | told | told |
| test-drive | test-drove | test-driven |
| test-fly | test-flew | test-flown |
| think | thought | thought |
| throw | threw | thrown |
| thrust | thrust | thrust |
| tread | trod | trodden / trod |
| typecast | typecast | typecast |
| typeset | typeset | typeset |
| typewrite | typewrote | typewritten |
| U | ||
| unbend | unbent | unbent |
| unbind | unbound | unbound |
| unclothe | unclothed / unclad [?] | unclothed / unclad [?] |
| underbid | underbid | underbid |
| undercut | undercut | undercut |
| underfeed | underfed | underfed |
| undergo | underwent | undergone |
| underlie | underlay | underlain |
| undersell | undersold | undersold |
| underspend | underspent | underspent |
| understand | understood | understood |
| undertake | undertook | undertaken |
| underwrite | underwrote | underwritten |
| undo | undid | undone |
| unfreeze | unfroze | unfrozen |
| unhang | unhung | unhung |
| unhide | unhid | unhidden |
| unknit | unknitted / unknit | unknitted / unknit |
| unlearn | unlearned / unlearnt [?] | unlearned / unlearnt [?] |
| unsew | unsewed | unsewn / unsewed |
| unsling | unslung | unslung |
| unspin | unspun | unspun |
| unstick | unstuck | unstuck |
| unstring | unstrung | unstrung |
| unweave | unwove / unweaved | unwoven / unweaved |
| unwind | unwound | unwound |
| uphold | upheld | upheld |
| upset | upset | upset |
| V | ||
| No commonly used irregular verbs beginning with "V."
To view our extended dictionary including rare and antiquated forms, Click Here. |
||
| W | ||
| wake | woke / waked | woken / waked |
| waylay | waylaid | waylaid |
| wear | wore | worn |
| weave | wove / weaved | woven / weaved |
| wed | wed / wedded | wed / wedded |
| weep | wept | wept |
| wet | wet / wetted [?] | wet / wetted [?] |
| whet REGULAR | whetted | whetted |
| win | won | won |
| wind | wound | wound |
| withdraw | withdrew | withdrawn |
| withhold | withheld | withheld |
| withstand | withstood | withstood |
| wring | wrung | wrung |
| write | wrote | written |
| X | ||
| No irregular verbs beginning with "X." | ||
| Y | ||
| No irregular verbs beginning with "Y." | ||
| Z | ||
| No irregular verbs beginning with "Z." | ||
Below, we have created eight sets of flashcards as well as simple irregular verb drills to help English learners learn more than 160 of the most common irregular verbs in English.
Download our printable PDF List of the 100 Most Common Irregular Verbs in English. English teachers and trainers, please read our terms of use.
Irregular verbs are verbs which do not follow normal rules for conjugation. For example, the irregular verb be has several unique forms (I am, you are, he is) which are quite different from regular verbs such as cook (I cook, you cook, he cooks).
Englishpage.com has conducted an extensive text analysis of over 2,000 novels and resources and we have found 680 irregular verbs so far including prefixed verbs (misunderstand, reread) as well as rare and antiquated forms (colorbreed, bethink).
Good examples of irregular verbs include have, understand and draw. Notice that their past forms had, understood and drew are very different from regular verbs, which end with -d or -ed. For more examples, see Englishpage.com's list of irregular verbs.
According to Englishpage.com's text analysis of over 2,000 novels and resources, the most common irregular verbs in English are: be, have, say, do, know, get, see, think, go and take.
While many references show strong differences between British and American English in irregular verb use, Englishpage.com's research shows that there is far more crossover than many of these references might suggest. (Where we did find a real statistical difference, we have listed the British forms in italics.)
In English, irregular verb forms occur in simple present and simple past as well as past participles. Remember that past participles are used in many verb forms including: present perfect, past perfect, future perfect, passive forms and past conditional forms.
Read about our irregular verb research and how these resources were created.
